Synthesis,structural characterization and properties of novel functional poly(ether imide)/titania nanocomposite thin films

In this study, the synthesis, morphology, and thermal properties of new poly(ether imide)/titania nanohybrid films were investigated. The novel diamine containing functional nitrile groups was prepared in two steps by the nucleophilic substitution reaction and it was fully characterized by different techniques. Reaction of this diamine with pyromellitic dianhydride and 4-aminobenzoic acid gave poly(ether imide) with carboxylic acid end groups. This acid functionalized poly(ether imide) was condense with different amount of TiO₂ nanoparticles to provide organic-inorganic bonding, and the flexible films of these hybrid were prepared. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, UV–Vis spectroscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. TEM of the nanohybrid films with 12% of TiO₂ contents confirms well dispersion of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. TGA data indicated that the thermal behavior of the hybrid materials was increased with an increasing the content of TiO₂ nanoparticles. The tensile stress–strain of the hybrids was investigated and the resulting nanocomposites showed good mechanical properties. The permeability and selectivity of the PEI/TiO₂ membranes as a function of the titania weight percentage were study and the results indicated that the permeabilities of CO₂ and N₂ increase with increasing the titania content.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

一步法二甲醚合成技术

二甲醚是一种非常重要的化工原料,可用于多种精细化学品的合成,它是一种理想的清洁替代能源。一步法二甲醚合成技术克服了甲醇合成反应受到热力学平衡的限制,大大提高了CO的单程转化率。对以合成气为原料采用一步法二甲醚合成技术的反应原理,催化剂的组成与制备方法,温度、压力、空速等因素对反应造成的影响进行描述。对一步法二甲醚合成技术研发的生产装置发展进程情况进行综述和展望。     

合成气一步法制取二甲醚技术

简单的介绍了二甲醚的基本性质、主要的应用领域、合成气采用一步法制取二甲醚的生产工艺技术、工艺过程所使用催化剂的组成以及制备方法、大概介绍了当前世界范围内国内、外一些中试装置的生产方法和技术进展情况,并结合当前形式对合成气一步法生产二甲醚的发展作出评价。     

气相色谱法检测液化石油气中各组分和二甲醚含量分析

本文采用二甲醚专用分析柱对二甲醚和液化石油气组分含量进行气相色谱法分析。实验表明,该方法对二甲醚、C2、C3、C4以及C5各组分都有良好的分离效果,测定结果回收率在98.46%~102.36%,有较好的准确度和精密度;同时能够满足标准《SH/T 0230-1992》对色谱柱的分离要求和实验结果的精密度要求。     

改性水泥助磨剂的研究

研究了改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚的合成工艺,并与三乙醇胺做水泥助磨剂进行对比试验。发现改性二乙醇胺聚氧乙烯醚在提高水泥的流动性、降低筛余、减小粉体颗粒之间的接触角和摩擦阻力等方面明显优于三乙醇胺。     

醇醚羧酸盐的绿色制备及其性能研究

以系列直链/支链脂肪醇醚、氢氧化钠和氧气为原料,在自制的Pd/C多组分催化剂催化下,合成了系列脂肪醇醚羧酸盐阴离子表面活性剂,反应过程为一步氧化法。该工艺属高效原子经济性反应,反应条件温和,反应过程不采用有毒有害原料,不产生三废排放,符合绿色与可持续化发展的趋势。同时对系列产品的表面张力、泡沫性、润湿性、乳化性以及复配性等应用性能进行了研究,为其开拓更广阔的应用领域提供参考依据。     

煤制天然气甲烷化装置开车过程中问题及处理措施

对煤制气甲烷化开车过程中问题进行研究,详细讨论了脱硫系统中脱硫槽温度、水蒸汽浓度和脱硫催化剂、甲烷化反应系统中工艺气组成、温度、水蒸汽流量以及循环气量等在开车过程中易出现的问题,并给出了相应的处理措施。     

滑动弧放电等离子体法用于二甲醚重整制氢简

Gliding arc gas discharge plasma was used for the generation of hydrogen from steam reforming of dimethyl ether （DME）. A systemic procedure was employed to determine the suitable experimental conditions. It was found that DME conversion first increased up to the maximum and then decreased slightly with the increase of added water and air. The increase of total feed gas flow rate resulted in the decrease of DME conversion and hydrogen yield, but hydrogen energy consumption dropped down to the lowest as total feed gas flow rate increased to 76 ml. min^-1. Larger electrode gap and higher discharge voltage were advantageous. Electrode shape had an important effect on the conversion of DME and production of H2- Among the five electrodes, electrode 2# with valid length of 55 mm and the radian of 34 degrees of the top electrode section was the best option, which enhanced obviously the conversion of DME.